Kumana National Park

Kumana National Park is a breathtaking wildlife sanctuary located in the southeastern part of Sri Lanka. This park is renowned for its diverse range of flora and fauna, including over 200 species of birds and a variety of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians.

Spread across an area of over 35,000 hectares, Kumana National Park is characterized by its stunning natural beauty and picturesque landscapes. The park is dominated by a complex network of lagoons, mangrove swamps, and dense forests, which provide a natural habitat for a variety of wildlife.

One of the highlights of Kumana National Park is its birdlife. The park is home to an impressive array of bird species, including the rare and endangered Sri Lankan junglefowl, which is the national bird of Sri Lanka. Other notable bird species found in the park include the black-necked stork, lesser adjutant, Eurasian spoonbill, and Asian openbill.

In addition to its birdlife, Kumana National Park is also home to a variety of mammals, including elephants, leopards, sloth bears, and spotted deer. Reptiles such as crocodiles, monitor lizards, and snakes are also commonly found in the park.

Kumana National Park is not just a wildlife sanctuary, but also has significant cultural and historical value. The park is situated near the ancient city of Kataragama, which is a popular pilgrimage site for Buddhists, Hindus, and Muslims.

History of Kumana National Park

The history of Kumana National Park dates back to the early 20th century when the area was used by the British colonial government for hunting and timber harvesting. In 1938, the area was declared a wildlife sanctuary, and it was later upgraded to a national park in 2006. Today, the park is managed by the Department of Wildlife Conservation, which is responsible for the protection and preservation of the park’s unique biodiversity.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Kumana National Park became a battleground for the Sri Lankan civil war, and it was closed to the public for many years. However, after the war ended in 2009, the park was reopened, and tourism has gradually been reintroduced to the area.

Bio diversity of Kumana National Park

Flora:
Kumana National Park is characterized by its dry zone vegetation, which is adapted to the arid climate of the region. The park contains a variety of plant species, including grasses, shrubs, and trees. The dominant trees in the park are palu (Manilkara hexandra), weera (Drypetes sepiaria), satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia), and ebony (Diospyros ebenum).

The park is also home to a number of rare and endangered plant species, including the critically endangered Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon austro-caledonicum), which is found only in Sri Lanka.

Fauna:
Kumana National Park is home to a wide range of wildlife, including over 200 bird species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. The most notable bird species found in the park are the Sri Lanka grey hornbill, the painted stork, the Asian openbill, and the black-necked stork. The park is also home to a large population of waterfowl, including ducks, herons, and egrets.

In addition to birds, Kumana National Park is also home to a variety of mammal species, including elephants, leopards, sloth bears, and spotted deer. The park is also home to several species of primates, including the toque macaque and the grey langur.

Kumana National Park is also known for its reptiles, including the mugger crocodile, the Indian python, and several species of lizards and turtles.

Best time to visit Kumana National Park

If you are planning to visit Kumana National Park, the best time to go depends on what you want to see and experience.
The dry season, which runs from May to September, is considered the best time to visit Kumana National Park. During this time, the weather is warm and dry, and there is less vegetation cover, making it easier to spot wildlife. The water sources in the park also start to dry up, causing the animals to congregate around the remaining waterholes, making them easier to spot.

However, if you are interested in birdwatching, the best time to visit is during the migratory season from November to March. During this period, the park is home to over 200 species of migratory birds, including the endangered lesser adjutant stork, making it a paradise for bird lovers.

It is important to note that the park is closed from September to October due to the monsoon season, which brings heavy rains and causes flooding in the park. So, during this time it is good to avoid visiting.

Safari in Kumana National Park

Safari in Kumana National Park is a truly unique experience, offering visitors the opportunity to witness an incredible variety of wildlife and ecosystems.

The safari experience in Kumana National Park is made even more special by the stunning landscapes that visitors will encounter. The park is a mix of dense forests, open grasslands, and sparkling waterways, which provide a breathtaking backdrop for the wildlife.

As visitors explore the park on safari, they will have the opportunity to see wildlife in its natural habitat, with the help of experienced guides who can provide insights into the park’s ecology and the behavior of the animals. Visitors can choose from a range of safari options, including jeep safaris, guided nature walks, and birdwatching tours, ensuring that everyone can find an experience that suits their interests and preferences.

In addition to the wildlife and landscapes, the park is also rich in history and culture, with several important archaeological sites, including the ruins of ancient temples and monasteries. Visitors can learn about the rich cultural heritage of the area while exploring the park, adding a unique dimension to the safari experience.

To make the most of your safari in Kumana National Park, here are some tips for a successful experience:

• Choose the right time: The best time to visit Kumana National Park is during the dry season from May to September when the water levels are low, and animals gather around the water sources. The chances for you to spotting wildlife is increase.
• Book in advance: Kumana National Park is a popular destination, and it’s best to book your safari in advance to avoid disappointment. You can book through a tour operator or directly with the park.
• Dress appropriately: Wear comfortable clothes suitable for the weather conditions. It’s also advisable to wear neutral-colored clothes to blend in with the surroundings and avoid standing out too much.
• Bring appropriate gear: A good pair of binoculars and a camera with a telephoto lens are essential for wildlife photography. insect repellent, sunscreen and a hat are also recommended.
• Follow the rules: Follow the rules and regulations of the park to ensure the safety of the wildlife and visitors. This includes staying in designated areas and not disturbing the animals.
• Be patient: Wildlife sightings are never guaranteed, so be patient and enjoy the scenery. The park is also home to a wide variety of bird species, so keep an eye out for them too.
• Respect the wildlife: Remember that you are a guest in the animals’ natural habitat, and it’s important to respect their space. Keep a safe distance from the animals and do not attempt to feed or touch them.
• Hire a knowledgeable guide: Hiring a knowledgeable guide is highly recommended as they can provide insights on the park’s flora and fauna, as well as increase your chances of spotting wildlife.

By following these tips, you can have a successful and enjoyable safari experience in Kumana National Park.

Bird watching: Kumana National Park is a haven for bird lovers, as it is home to over 200 species of birds, including migratory birds from as far away as Siberia. The best time to visit for bird watching is from May to July when the birds migrate to the park.

Visit the Kudumbigala Monastery: Kudumbigala Monastery is an ancient Buddhist monastery located within Kumana National Park. It dates back to the 2nd century BC and offers visitors a glimpse into the country’s rich cultural heritage.

Enjoy a picnic: The park is home to several scenic locations, including the Kumana Villu and Kumbukkan Oya, where visitors can enjoy a picnic amidst the beautiful natural surroundings.

Explore the mangroves: Kumana National Park is home to several mangrove swamps, which are an important ecosystem that support a wide range of wildlife. Visitors can take a boat ride through the mangroves, which offers a unique perspective on the park’s natural beauty.

Trekking: There are several trekking trails within Kumana National Park that offer visitors an opportunity to explore the park’s stunning landscapes and observe wildlife in their natural habitat.

Camping in Kumana National Park

Kumana National Park is a vast expanse of lush greenery, wetlands, and wildlife, making it the perfect destination for a camping trip.

As you pitch your tent in the midst of the wilderness, you’ll be surrounded by an abundance of flora and fauna, including exotic birds, reptiles, and mammals that call this park home. The sounds of nature will lull you to sleep each night as you lie under the stars, enjoying the fresh air and tranquility of the park.

During the day, you’ll have the opportunity to explore the park and all its natural wonders. You can take a hike through the jungle, go on a safari ride, or even try your hand at bird watching. The park is home to over 200 bird species, including the rare and elusive Sri Lanka junglefowl, making it a paradise for bird enthusiasts.

Camping in Kumana National Park also provides the opportunity to immerse yourself in the local culture. The nearby village of Panama is home to a community of farmers who cultivate paddy fields and coconut groves, and you can learn about their way of life and traditions.